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மல்லி பூ வகை௧ள் Types Of Jasmine

மல்லி பூ வகை௧ள்

Types Of Jasmine

 Scientific name: Jasminum spp. Local name : Jasmine

Hindi name :    Juhi, Chameli, Mogra,    Champa Bela etc. Family:   Oleaceae

Origin and History

Jasmines are native of tropical and subtropical regions and introduced in the mid sixteenth century. Among the large number of species existing, only three species have attained importance in commercial cultivation. Jasminum sambac is considered as a native of the East Indies. Jasmine blossoms have been in use in India, China and countries of mystic orient for ceremonial purpose, as religious offerings and for perfuming the hair oils, etc. since time immemorial. The name Jasmine is of Arabic origin and is believed to have been derived from Yasmin. It is reported that the height of its popularity reached its peck two to five hundred years ago at canton and metropolis of southern China.

1.  Jasminum auriculatum - Mullai

Jasminum - Mullai

2.  Jasminum grandiflorum - Jathimalli (or) Pitchi (or) Spanish jasmine

Spanish jasmine

3.  Jasminum sambac - Gundumalli / Malligai / Arabian jasmine /Tuscan jasmine


4.  Jasminum pubescens  - Kakada

Do you know plastic recycling symbols means???????

The Recycling Symbols

Have you ever wondered what the numbers, or recycling symbols mean at the bottom of plastic bottles and containers? Did you know that, while the use of all plastics should be limited if at all possible, some are safer than others? It’s time to learn a little bit about the various plastics you use and drink/eat from every single day, and what impact they have not only on you, but also the environment.

Every plastic container or bottle has a recycling symbol. The symbol is a number, ranging from 1 to 7, within a triangle. While you may think nothing of these symbols, they can actually offer a great deal of information regarding the toxic chemicals used in the plastic, how likely the plastic is to leach, how biodegradable the plastic is, and ultimately the safety of the plastic.

Here is some information on the various recycling symbols and numbers:

The Recycling Symbols

 Plastic #1 – PETE or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

·         Picked up by most curbside recycling programs, plastic #1 is usually clear and used to make soda and water bottles. Some consider it safe, but this plastic is known to allow bacteria to accumulate.

·         It’s found mostly in soda bottles, water bottles, beer bottles, salad dressing containers, mouthwash bottles, and peanut butter containers.

·         Plastic #1 is recycled into tote bags, furniture, carpet, paneling, fiber, and polar fleece.

Plastic #2 – HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)

·         Plastic #2 is typically opaque and picked up by most curbside recycling programs. This plastic is one of the 3 plastics considered to be safe, and has a lower risk of leaching.

·         It’s found mostly in milk jugs, household cleaner containers, juice bottles, shampoo bottles, cereal box liners, detergent bottles, motor oil bottles, yogurt tubs, and butter tubs.ilk jugs, detergent bottles, juice bottles, butter tubs, and toiletries bottles are made of this.  It is usually opaque. This plastic is considered safe and has low risk of leaching.

·         Plastic #2 is recycled into pens, recycling containers, picnic tables, lumber, benches, fencing, and detergent bottles, to name a few.

Plastic #3 – V or PVC (Vinyl)

·         Plastic #3 is used to make food wrap, plumbing pipes, and detergent bottles, and is seldom accepted by curbside recycling programs. These plastics used to, and still may, contain phthalates, which are linked to numerous health issues ranging from developmental problems to miscarriages. They also contain DEHA, which can be carcinogenic with long-term exposure. DEHA has also been linked to loss of bone mass and liver problems. Don’t cook with or burn this plastic.

·         It’s found in shampoo bottles, clear food packaging, cooking oil bottles, medical equipment, piping, and windows.

·         This plastic is recycled into paneling, flooring, speed bumps, decks, and roadway gutters.

Plastic #4 – LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene)

·         Low density polyethylene is most found in squeezable bottles, shopping bags, clothing, carpet, frozen food, bread bags, and some food wraps. Curbside recycling programs haven’t been known to pick up this plastic, but more are starting to accept it. Plastic #4 rests among the recycling symbols considered to be safe.

·         This plastic is recycled into compost bins, paneling, trash can liners and cans, floor tiles, and shipping envelopes.

Plastic #5 – PP (Polypropylene)

·         Increasingly becoming accepted by curbside recycle programs, plastic #5 is also one of the safer plastics to look for.

·         It is typically found in yogurt containers, ketchup bottles, syrup bottles, and medicine bottles.

·         Polypropylene is recycled into brooms, auto battery cases, bins, pallets, signal lights, ice scrapers, and bycycle racks.

Plastic #6 – PS (Polystyrene)

·         Polystyrene is Styrofoam, which is notorious for being difficult to recycle, and thus, bad for the environment. This kind of plastic also poses a health risk, leaching potentially toxic chemicals, especially when heated. Most recycling programs won’t accept it.

·         Plastic #6 is found in compact disc cases, egg cartons, meat trays, and disposable plates and cups.

·         It is recycled into egg cartons, vents, foam packing, and insulation.

Plastic #7 – Other, Miscellaneous

·         All of the plastic resins that don’t fit into the other categories are placed in the number 7 category. It’s a mix bag of plastics that includes polycarbonate, which contains the toxic bisphenol-A (BPA). These plastics should be avoided due to possibly containing hormone disruptors like BPA, which has been linked to infertility, hyperactivity, reproductive problems, and other health issues.

·         Plastic #7 is found in sunglasses, iPod cases, computer cases, nylon, 3- and 5-gallon water bottles, and bullet-proof materials.

       Avoid Plastic Save Earth:

        Do you know Biodegradable Product

Thank for your valuable time///......

"Milkman of India Dr. VergheseKurien on his 94th Birth Anniversary

Dr Verghese Kurien


Dr Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 – 9 September 2012) was an Indian social entrepreneur known as the "Father of the White Revolution for his Operation Flood, the world's largest agricultural development programmed. This transformed India from a milk-deficient nation to the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States of America in 1998, with about 17 percent of global output in 2010–11, which in 30 years doubled milk available to every person. Dairy farming became India's largest self-sustaining industry. He made the country self-sufficient in edible oils too later on, taking the powerful and entrenched oil supplying lobby, head-on.

He founded around 30 institutions of excellence (like AMUL, GCMMF, IRMA, NDDB) which are owned, managed by farmers and run by professionals. As the founding chairman of the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), Kurien was responsible for the creation and success of the Amul brand of dairy products. A key achievement at Amul was the invention of milk powder processed from buffalo milk (abundant in India), as opposed to that made from cow-milk, in the then major milk producing nations. This led Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri to appoint him the founder-chairman of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965, to replicate Amul's "Anand model" nationwide. He is regarded as one of the greatest proponents of the cooperative movement in the world, his work having lifted millions out of poverty in India, and outside.

Work

Kurien arrived back from the United States to India after his master's degree, and was quickly deputed to the Government of India's experimental creamery, at Anand in Gujarat's Kheda district by the government and rather half-heartedly served out his bond period against the scholarship given by them. He arrived at Anand on Friday 13 May1949 and started the work assigned to him the very same day. He had already made up his mind to quit mid-way, but was persuaded to stay back at Anand by Tribhuvandas Patel (who would later share the Magsaysay with him) who had brought together Kheda's farmers as a cooperative union to process and sell their milk, a pioneering concept at the time.

He would brook no meddling from the political class or bureaucrats sitting in the capital cities, letting it be known upfront, though he, and his mentor and colleague, Tribhuvandas Patel were backed by the few enlightened political leaders and bureaucrats of the early Independence days who saw merit in their pioneering cooperative model. Tribhuvandas Patel's sincere and earnest efforts and the trust placed in him by farmers inspired Kurien to dedicate himself to the challenging task before them, so much so, that when Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was to visit Anand later to inaugurate Amul's plant, he embraced Kurien for his groundbreaking work. Dairy expert H. M. Dalaya invented the process of making skim milk powder and condensed milk from buffalo milk. In India, buffalo milk is the main raw material unlike Europe where cow milk is abundant. Later research at Amul by Dr. G. H. Wilster led to cheese production from buffalo milk.

The Amul pattern of cooperatives became so successful, that in 1965 Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, tasked Kurien to replicate the program nationwide, citing his "extraordinary and dynamic leadership", and the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was set up. Kurien agreed on condition that he will not move from Anand and it will have to be headquartered there. Kurien took on established competitors viz. Aarey dairy of the Bombay Milk and Polson Dairy, dealt with aid from donors like UNICEF and confronted the New Zealand government and a powerful 'dumping' lobby of countries which wanted to 'convert food aid into trade'.

 As the 'Amul dairy experiment' was replicated in Gujarat's districts in the neighborhood of Anand, Kurien set all of them up under GCMMF in 1973 to sell the combined produce of the dairies under a single Amul brand. He quit the post of GCMMF chairman in 2006 following disagreement with the GCMMF management. When the National Dairy Development Board expanded the scope of Operation Flood to cover the entire country in 1979, Kurien founded the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA). Kurien, played a key role in many other organizations, like chairing the Viksit Bharat Foundation, a body set up by the President of India.

 

Awards and honours

Year	Name of Award or Honor	Awarding Organization
1999	Padma Vibhushan	Government of India
1993	International Person of the Year Award	World Dairy Expo
1991	Distinguished Alumni Award	Michigan State University
1989	World Food Prize	World Food Prize, USA
1986	Wateler Peace Prize Award	Carnegie Foundation, The Netherlands
1986	Krishi Ratna Award	Government of India
1966	Padma Bhushan	Government of India
1965	Padma Shri	Government of India
1963	Ramon Magsaysay Award	Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation

Kurien has also received 15 honorary degrees from universities in India and around the world.

To commemorate his memory, Institute of Rural Management Anand has instituted the annual Dr. Verghese Kurien Memorial Lecture at IRMA to be held on his birth anniversary. The first lecture in 2012 was delivered by M. S. Swaminathan. The second lecture in 2013 was delivered by Vijay Shankar Vyas. The third lecture in 2014 was delivered by the Governor of Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan. On 26th November 2015, Google placed a doodle on its homepage, honoring him on his 94th birthday.

 

Health Benefits of Eating Tamarind

Health Benefits of Eating Tamarind

The tamarind is the fruit of a tree that can be found in North Africa and Asia. When unripe, this fruit has a sharp and really sour, acidic taste. Whether you consume ripe or unripe tamarind, you will be glad to know that this fruit has many benefits for your health, including:

• The tamarind fruit has essential chemical compounds, vitamins, and minerals that can boost your health. It also contains dietary fiber to aid you in digesting the food you eat.

• The fruit comes with a sticky pulp, which has non-starch polysaccharides or NSP, hemicelluloses, pectin, tannins, and mucilage. Having 100 grams of the pulp can give you 13% of your daily dietary fiber needs.

• The pulp is also used to bind with bile salts that come from cholesterol. As a result, this process decreases the reabsorption of the cholesterol in the colon. Eventually, the bad cholesterol or the LDL is reduced and eliminated out of the body.

• Lemon has citric acid, while tamarind has tartaric acid, which is why the latter has that sour taste. However, this is not all that tartaric acid has to offer. It acts as a powerful antioxidant (E number E334), which gets rid of free radicals that are harmful to the body.

• Tamarind is not only consumed as a fruit, but also a spice. It is prized in many places because it is a good source of minerals including potassium, iron, selenium, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and copper. Iron is important in producing red blood cells, while potassium is essential as it is a part of body and cell fluids that control blood pressure and heart rate.

• Aside from the mentioned nutrients found in the fruit, tamarind also has 36% of daily required levels of thiamin, along with other vitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid.

• Tamarind’s pulp is used in several traditional medicines to aid in digestion. It is also used as a laxative and as treatment for bile disorders.

Tamarind has a lot of health benefits that will make you smile / PicHelp
Tamarind is truly beneficial to your health. It has multiple benefits, which is why it is used in Ayurvedic medicine for problems in digestion, gastric, and cardiovascular conditions. Aside from the ones listed above, tamarind is also useful for reducing malaria fever and is used as herbal tea to provide such benefit. It is also effective in promoting heart health, relieving sore throat, and even the elimination of worms in children. With these nutritional benefits, you can say that tamarind is good for your body and your overall wellbeing.

Seventh Pay Commission Recommends Minimum Pay At Rs 18,000 NDTV

The Seventh Pay Commission headed by Justice A K Mathur submitted its report to Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Thursday and recommended a 16 per cent hike in the pay of 50 lakh central government employees.

Recommendations of the Seventh Pay Commission will go to the Cabinet and are likely to be implemented with effect from January 1, 2016.

As per the recommendations the minimum pay in government is to be set at Rs 18,000 per month, while the maximum pay is recommended as Rs 2,25,000 per month for Apex scale and Rs 250000 per month for Cabinet Secretary and others at the same level.

The panel has suggested abolition of the pay band and the grade pay, though it retained the annual increment of 3 per cent.

In percentage terms the overall increase in pay and allowances and pension will be 23.55 per cent.

"Within this the increase in pay will be 16 per cent, increase in allowances will be 63 per cent and increase in pension would be 24 per cent," the Finance Ministry said.

Government employees had received a 35 per cent hike on implementation of the Sixth Pay Commission in 2008.

Economists expect the wage hikes to boost consumption-driven recovery in the domestic economy. Sales of affordable homes and consumer durables such as cars, two-wheelers and other electronic items are likely to pick up, analysts say. On the flip side, salary hikes are also expected to stoke inflation and fiscal pressures, economists say.

The central government constitutes the pay commission every 10 years to revise the pay scale of its employees and often these are adopted by states after some modifications.